Milk thistles are thistles of the genus Silybum Adans., flowering plants of the daisy family (Asteraceae). They are native to the Mediterranean regions of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. It is the species Silybum marianum that provides the active ingredient  silymarin. This substance, which actually consists of a group of compounds called flavonolignands, helps repair liver cells damaged by alcohol and other toxic substances. Silymarin also keeps new liver cells from being destroyed by these same substances, reduces inflammation (important for people with liver inflammation or hepatitis), and has potent antioxidant effects.

The active substances in milk thistle (particularly silymarin) protect the liver from damage caused by viruses (particularly hepatitis C), toxins, alcohol, industrial toxins such as carbon tetrachloride, and certain drugs such as paracetamol (paracetamol can cause liver damage if taken in large quantities), as well as recreational drugs.

The active substance silymarin has strong antioxidant properties and has been shown to inhibit the growth of human prostate, breast, and cervical cancer cells in test tubes. Further studies are needed to determine whether milk thistle is safe or effective for people with these forms of cancer.

Milk Thistle is also a demulcent, meaning that it soothes and moistens the mucus membranes, kidney and bladder irritations and inflammations in general. Being a demulcent, it also greatly softens and moistens the skin. Patients with skin problems ranging from acne to severe eczema have reported a clearing of skin impurities, healing of redness and inflammation and a dramatic softening and moistening of dry, cracking skin.

Milk Thistle can calm down an inflamed Gall Bladder while at the same time clearing out any stagnation that might be present.

Milk thistle extract completely counteracts the toxic effects of the Deathcap mushroom when given within 10 minutes of ingestion. If given within 24 hours of ingestion, the herb significantly reduces the risk of liver damage and death. (Please don't rely on capsules if you happen to eat deathcap mushrooms, the treatment needs to be intravenous!)

Possible side effects include a mild laxative effect. Pregnant and lactating women should consult with a qualified health professional before taking milk thistle due to a lack of safety data during these times.

Dosage: Take 1 capsule per day. Based on a silymarin content of around 80 per cent, 1 capsule provides 400mg silymarin.